Magnesia, an Essential Raw Material for Cement Kiln Refractories

Johannes Södje, Hans-Jürgen Klischat

Refratechnik Cement GmbH, 37079 Göttingen/Germany

Revision

Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 77 - 84

Abstract

Magnesia (MgO) or the mineralogical term “periclase” was firstly synthesized by heating of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) in 1754. The article gives a survey on the industrial use of magnesia as refractory material and an historical overview on the application of basic brick grades in cement rotary kilns. The current stresses on basic refractory linings in cement rotary kilns are outlined. Prospects for future R+D work are given.

Keywords

magnesite, magnesia, cement, rotary kiln, lining concept, refractory wear, resistance

References

[1] Black, J.: De humore acido a cibis orto et magnesia alba. Ph. D. Thesis, Edinburgh 1754

[2] CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 80th Edition, 1999/2000

[3] Routschka, G.: Pocket Manual Refractory Material, 3rd Ed., Essen 2008

[4] U.S. Geogical Survey (USGS): 2010 Minerals Yearbook, Magnesium compounds [Advance Release]

[5] U.S. Geogical Survey (USGS): Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2012

[6] Zednicek, W.: Periclase, a remarkable and essential mineral for refractory ceramics. Radex-Rundschau (1985) [4] 651–695

[7] Hotz, G.; Bartha, P.: Stand der feuerfesten Zustellung von Drehofenanlagen. ZKG International 28 (1975) [6] 236–240

[8] Bartha, P.: Mineralogische-chemische Veränderung an Dolomitsteinen während des Einsatzes in Zementdrehöfen. ZKG International 25 (1972) [8] 359–364

[9] Bartha, P.: Direktgebundene Periklasspinellsteine und ihr Einsatz in der Zementindustrie. ZKG International 35 (1982) 500–506

[10] Bartha, P.: The properties of periclase spinel brick and its service stresses in rotary cement kilns. Interceram, Special Issue on Refractories 33 (1984) 15–17

[11] Miller, T.; et al.: Development and use dolomite-zirconia in cement rotary kilns. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Refractories, Tokyo (1987) 609–622

[12] Klischat H.-J.; Tabbert, W.: Magnesia spinel bricks for the cement industry. Proc. 2nd Int. Symposium Refractories, Beijing/CN (1992) 424–430

[13] Hartenstein, J.: Verbesserung der Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit von basischen, gebrannten Steinen für den Zementdrehrohrofen durch Zirkonoxid. VDZKongress (1993)

[14] Bartha, P.; Klischat, H.-J.: Klassifikation von Magnesia- Steinen nach Spezifikation und Gebrauchswert im Zementdrehofen. ZKG International 47 (1994)

[15] Klischat, H.-J.; Weibel, G.; Bartha, P.: Entwicklungsstand chromerzfreier Magnesiasteinsorten für die Zementindustrie. ZKG Int. 50 (1997) [8] 418–428 

[16] Buchebner, G.; Harmuth, H.; Molinari, Th.: Magnesia hercynite bricks, an innovative burnt basic refractory. Proc. Unitecr (1999) 201–203 

[17] Klischat, H.-J.; Wirsing, H.: Development of chrome ore-free structural flexibility systems for basic bricks. REFRA KOLLOQUIUM 2000, published by Refratechnik Cement GmbH, Göttingen, 41–58

[18] Södje, J.; Wirsing, H.: Strukturverstärkte basische feuerfeste Steine für den Einsatz in alkalibelasteten Zementdrehöfen. REFRA KOLLOQUIUM 2004, published by Refratechnik Cement GmbH, Göttingen, 58–64

[19] Klischat, H.-J.: Meeting specific cement kiln challenges by basic brick development. REFRA KOLLOQUIUM 2008, published by Refratechnik Cement GmbH, Göttingen, 76–88

[20] Wirsing., H.: FORMAG® 88. A basic brick system with novel features. REFRA KOLLOQUIUM 2008, published by Refratechnik Cement GmbH, Göttingen, 90–99

[21] Jansen, H.: Refractories for the Production of Steel. CN-Special Refractories, Vol. 6 (1999) 3  [22] Jansen, H.; Grosse Daldrup, H.; Subramaniam Muthu Kumar: Latest developments of refractory linings in basic oxygen furnaces. Iron & Steel Rev. 47 (2003) [1] 47–5

[23] Aneziris, C.G.; Borzov, D.; Ulbricht, J.: Magnesia carbon bricks – A high duty refractory material. Interceram Refractories Manual (2003) 22–27

[24] Münchberg, W.; De Jong, J.G.M.: Verhalten von keramisch gebundenen Dolomitsteinen in Zementdrehrohröfen bei Infiltrationen von Ofengasen. Ber. DKG 52 (1975) [5] 108–117

[25] Uchikawa, H.; et al.: Application of periclase-spinel bricks to cement rotary kiln in Japan. Interceram, Special Issue on Refractories 33 (1984) 40–43

[26] Scheubel, B.: Refractory lining in modern rotary kiln systems. REFRA SYMPOSIUM 1993, Munich, published by Refratechnik GmbH, Göttingen, 56–73

[27] Bartha, P.; Södje, J.: Degradation of refractories in cement rotary kilns fired with waste fuels. CN Refractories Special Issues, Vol. V (2001) 61–71

[28] Barthel, H.; Müller, I.: Der Einfluss von Alkalioxid, Schwefel und Chlor auf den Verschleiß von Magnesitchromsteinen in Zementdrehöfen. XXVI. Int. Coll. on Refractories, Aachen 1983, 204–225

Copyright

Göller Verlag GmbH