Linking Customer Needs of Refractory Suppliers with Technological Requirements on the Refractories

Jens Fruhstorfer1, Christos G. Aneziris1, Leandro Schöttler2

1 Institute of Ceramic, Glass and Construction Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09596 Freiberg/Germany
2 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH, 57078 Siegen/Germany

Revision

Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 71 - 75

Abstract

Although the suppliers and developers of refractories often know what is expected of their product, in many cases the details of what requirement is how important are unknown and diffcult to estimate. A tool to link customer needs with technological requirements is a method called House of Quality (HOQ). In this study a planning matrix­HOQ for refractories applied in steel ingot casting is developed. Of the technological requirements thermal shock, erosion, impact and corrosion resistance, the thermal shock resistance has the highest impact on the application behaviour. Nevertheless, by optimising the corrosion resistance good results can be obtained faster. Thus, the method proved to be able to identify not only importances of the requirements but also an order in which to address their development.

Keywords

house of quality, quality function deployment, steel ingot casting, refractories

References

[1] Temponi, C.;Yen, J.;Tiao W.: House of quality:A fuzzy logic­based requirements analysis. Europ. J. Oper. Res. 177 (1999) 340–354 [2] Park, T.; Kim, K.J.: Determination of an optimal set of design requirements using house of quality. J. Oper. Manag. 16 (1998) 569– 581 [3] De Feo, J.: Quality planning: Design innovative products and services. In: Juran, J., De Feo, J., eds.: Juran’s quality hand book; chap. 4. New York, NY,6th ed., 2010, 83–136 [4] Linß, G.: Quality management for engineers (in German); chap. 11.1. 3rd revised and extended ed., München 2011, 194–213 [5] Akao, Y.; Mazur, G.: The leading edge in qfd: past, present and future. Int. J. Qual. Reliab. Manag. 20 (2003) [1] 20–35 [6] Ritter, W.; Ruwier, K.; Schönwelski, W.: Carbonaceous freproof material for use when casting steel in a bottom casting process and formed parts produced thereof. Patent WO 2011/054872 A1, 2011 [7] Fruhstorfer, J.; et al.: Upright die pressing of refractory hollowware for steel ingot casting with reduced clay content. Ceramics Int. 42 (2016) Part B [2] 3219–3228 [8] Zhang, L.; Thomas, B.: State­of­the­art in the control of inclusions during steel ingot casting. Metallurgical and Mater. Transactions B 37 (2006) 733–761 [9] Fruhstorfer, J.; et al.: Thermal shock performance of refractories for application in steel in­got casting. J. Ceram. Sci. Technol. 7 (2016) [2] 173–182 [10] Fruhstorfer, J.; et al.: Interface analyses between a case­hardened ingot casting steel and carbon containing and carbon free refractories. Metall Mater. Trans. B 49 (2018) [3] 499–521 [11] Fruhstorfer, J.; et al.: Erosion and corrosion of alumina refractory by ingot casting steels. J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 36 (2016) 1299–306 [12] Lee,W.; Zhang, S.: Melt corrosion of oxide and oxide­carbon refractories. Int. Mater. Rev. 44 (1999) [3] 77–104 [13] Carniglia, S.; Barna, G.: Handbook of Industrial Refractories Technology. Park Ridge, NJ, 1992 [14] TARJ: Editor. Refractories handbook. The Technical Association of Refractories, Japan 1998 [15] Ratle, A.; et al.: Correlation between thermal shock and mechanical impact resistance of refractories. Brit. Ceram. Trans. 96 (1997) [6] 225–230 [16] Schulle, W.: Refractory materials (in German). Leipzig 1990 [17] Poirier, J.; et al.: Analysis and interpretation of refractory microstructure in studies of corrosion mechanisms by liquid oxides. J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 28 (2008) [2] 1557–1568 [18] Aneziris, Chr.; et al.: Functional refractory material design for advanced thermal shock performance due to titania additions. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 4 (2007) [6] 481–489 [19] Skiera E.; et al.: Controlled crack propagation experiments with a novel alumina­based refractory. Adv. Engin. Mater. 14 (2011) [4] 248–254 [20] Roungos, V.; Aneziris, C.; Berek, H.: Novel Al2O3-−C refractories with less residual carbon due to nanoscaled additives for continuous steel casting applications. Adv. Engin. Mater. 14 (2012) [4] 255–264 [21] Bradt, R.: Elastic moduli, strength and fracture characteristics of refractories. Key Engin. Mater. 88 (1993) 165–192 [22] Schacht, C.: Refractories handbook. New York, NY, 2004 [23] Fruhstorfer, J.; et al.: Corrosion of carbon free and bonded refractories for application in steel ingot casting. Steel Research Int. 87 (2016) DOI: 10.1002/srin.201600023 [24] Duvauchelle, N.; Soudier, J.: High performance Al2O3-SiC-C monolithic refractories releasing no hydrogen for BF casthouse applications. Proc. of the 13th Unifed Int. Tech. Conf. on Refractories (UNITECR), 2013, 398–403 [25] Hasselman, D.P.H.: Unifed theory of thermal shock fracture initiation and crack propagation in brittle ceramics. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 52 (1969) [11] 600–604 [26] Hasselman, D.P.H.: Elastic energy at fracture and surface energy as design criteria for thermal shock. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 46 (1963) [11] 535–540

Copyright

Göller Verlag GmbH