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Iron and Steel

Advanced Ceramic Filtering Materials: a Contribution to Clean Steel Technologies

Non-metallic inclusions in cast metal parts remarkably influence their performance during application.

Bridging the Gap between Refractory Supplier and the Refractory User in the Steel Plant → Real Value-in-Use

Tata Steel IJmuiden has developed an in-house Value-in-Use model for the steel ladle. This model very efficiently calculates and predicts all the costs and benefits of changes in refractory designs...

Comparison of Cement- and Hydratable Alumina-Bonded Alumina-Spinel Materials for Steel Ladle Purging Plugs

This paper provides a summary of extended investigations performed on cement- and hydratable alumina bonded refractory materials for steel ladle purging plugs.

Modeling of Thermomechanical Damages of Steel Ladle Shell during Operations

Iron and steel ladles are used as transport and/or treatment vessels during the metallurgical process.

Effect of Cement and Sol Combined Binders on High-Alumina Refractory Castables

Combined and individual bonding effects of high-alumina cement and silica sol on high-alumina castable were studied. The castable compositions were prepared as per the Dinger and Funk particle size distribution...

Alumina-Carbon Refractory Castables Containing Calcium-Aluminate Coatings on Graphite

The physical properties namely bulk density, apparent porosity, cold crushing strength of carbon-containing high alumina based refractory castable containing both natural and modified graphites (94 % fixed carbon) have been...

Cellular Magnesia/Carbon Refractories: Processing, (Thermo-)Mechanical Characterization and Finite Element Modeling

Fabrication steps of MgO–C refractories with a cellular carbon structure are shown: First, the transformation of resin coated polyurethane foams into reticulated vitreous carbon, followed by the antioxidant coatings with...

Carbon-containing Refractories with Antioxidants in Laboratory and Practical Application

Antioxidants are common additives to carbon-containing refractories. They reinforce the carbon-bond by creation of new oxidic or non-oxidic bonds while reacting with refractory components and ambient oxygen. Strength is increased...