Due to their excellent thermomechanical properties and corrosion resistance against aggressive steel/slag systems, carbon-bonded magnesia (MgO–C), alumina-magnesia (AMC), and magnesia-alumina (MAC) bricks are the dominating refractories for the lining of the side walls and bottom of steel ladles, basic oxygen furnaces, and electric arc furnaces.
The terms of “high performance” and “high cost-effectiveness” for refractories are so familiar. However, to answer questions like what the real meaning of high performance is, how to represent it, what the evaluation criterion is and how to realize high performance and meanwhile high cost-effectiveness seems to be not that easy without thinking in depth.
Although the suppliers and developers of refractories often know what is expected of their product, in many cases the details of what requirement is how important are unknown and difficult to estimate.
Transport properties of refractory materials are required to predict the infiltration behavior in contact with corrosive species.
Carbon bonded magnesia and magnesia-alumina bricks are used in the side walls and bottom of steel ladles for more than 30 years.
The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of refractory products is calculated from the linear course between the logarithms of the thermal conductivity and the logarithms of the temperature in Kelvin.
This article details the use of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology as applied to refractory materials and in particular to calcium aluminate cements.
Fabrication processes in cement rotary kilns change due to increased utilisation of alternative fuels, and the demands on refractories change with them.
Thermal shock damage is an important issue for the refractories industry. To understand the microstructural behaviour and with it the thermoelastic properties during thermal shock treatment are key topics for high performance refractory materials and their development.
Multilayer refractory structures have been manufactured by means of cast green tapes to improve their thermal and corrosive properties.
